Public Domain Movies
Running Time: 101 mins Black & White
A man who works late hours at a deadening job lives together with his wife and his younger sister. The younger sister's a modern girl who's starting to receive romantic attention from one of her co-workers.
Black & White
Running Time: 93 mins Black & White
Starring: Martin E. Johnson, Osa Johnson, Dick Douglas
Explorers Martin and Osa Johnson set out an an expedition that takes them to Hawaii, the little explored South Pacific regions of the Solomon Islands and the New Hebrides Islands, Australia, then through the Suez Canal, down the Nile River to Tanganyika, a safari to the Belgian Congo--where they observe a large variety of wildlife and meet up with a tribe of pygmies--and finally wind up in Uganda.
Running Time: 80 mins Color
Starring: Narrated by Frederic March
Albert Schweitzer is an 80-minute color documentary on the life of the famed doctor/humanitarian. The film is essentially divided into two sections: The first details Schweitzer's youth in Austria, via still pictures and reconstructed scenes featuring Schweitzer's own grandson. The second half dwells upon Schweitzer's tireless medical efforts at his Lambarene hospital in French Equatorial Africa. The narration, based upon Schweitzer's own writings, is spoken by Fredric March and Burgess Meredith. Though the color photography by Eric Anderson is uneven (understandably, considering filming conditions in Africa), Albert Schweitzer is a superbly mounted testimonial to the then 80-year-old physician.
Black & White
Black & White
Running Time: 41 mins Color
Starring: Host George Kirby, Jesse Jacson, Redd Foxx
Emphasizes the importance of "The Amos n. Andy Show" as a breakthrough for black actors whose roles were previously limited to butlers, maids, and orther subservient or dim-witted characters. "The Kingfish Sells a Lot" is included.
Running Time: 7 mins Black & White
What Happened to Emile - A Lesson in Citizenship - what happens at home if everyone did as they pleased. 1920s - silent
Running Time: 10 mins Black & White
Andy the orangutan from the Bronx Zoo is learning his ABC's from his zoo-keeper friend. Each letter is taught by associating the name of an animal from the zoo with each letter of the alphabet.
Running Time: 1 min Black & White
The Convair B-36 was the largest bomber, in sheer physical size, that has ever gone into service with the USAF. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, the B-36 was the mainstay of the USAF's long-range strategic bombing deterrent. Serving primarily as a strategic deterrent, the B-36 never saw any combat, although some B-36 reconnaissance aircraft flew some rather hazardous missions near or perhaps even over Soviet territory during the height of the Cold War in the mid-1950s. The origin of the B-36 can be traced back to the early days of 1941, at a time when it seemed that Britain might fall to a German invasion, depriving the USA of any European allies in case of war, and in particular, leaving the Army Air Corps without any bases outside the Western Hemisphere. Consequently, the Air Corps felt that it would need a truly intercontinental bomber with unprecedented range, one that could bomb targets in Europe from bases inside the continental USA. In search of such an aircraft, on April 11, 1941, the USAAC opened up a design competition for a bomber with a 450 mph top speed, a 275 mph cruising speed, a service ceiling of 45,000 feet, and a maximum range of 12,000 miles at 25,000 feet.
Running Time: 81 mins Black & White
Starring: Farley Granger, Shelley Winters
One of the oddest comedies of the 1950s, Behave Yourself! stars Farley Granger and Shelley Winters as a pair of none-too-bright newlyweds. Granger and Winters adopt a stray pooch named Archie, who unbeknownst to them has been trained as a go-between for a couple of underworld gangs. To the ever-mounting amazement of our hero and heroine, corpses begin to pile up all around them as one gang endeavors to rub out the other during a million-dollar smuggling operation. While it's quite possible to treat murder as a farcical situation-remember Arsenic and Old Lace?--the killings in this film are sometimes too graphic to induce laughter (there's nothing terribly mirth-provoking about gang flunkey Hans Conried lying dead in a bathtub with a bullet hole between his eyes). Another detriment is the casting of Granger and Winters, both of whom are woefully unsuited to their roles. In fact, such veteran villains as Lon Chaney Jr., Sheldon Leonard, Francis L. Sullivan and Elisha Cook Jr. come off funnier than the stars! The film's best sequence occurs during the closing cast credits, so try to stick around after the "THE END" title. Behave Yourself was the first coproduction between Wald-Krasna Productions and RKO Radio.
Running Time: 45 mins Black & White
Wayne and Schuster take a look at the great movie Monsters.
Running Time: 35 mins Black & White
Documentary which claims to have found over 100 cases of adoptions between animals and humans, gives one example of a boy who was raised by apes. Produced by Major C. Court Treatt, F.R.G.S. This film on the subject of unusual relationships between humans and animals was produced and directed in the heart of Africa by Major C. Court Trealt, F.R.G.S..
Color
Color
Running Time: 10 mins Black & White
Running Time: 14 mins Black & White
Portrays the United Foundation as "the businesslike method" of giving and notes that it offers "freedom from constant appeals". Aerial shots of Detroit downtown and factories; crowds; boy scouts; an aged woman; people pestering other people for money; kids skipping rope in an idyllic suburb; women in a massive typing pool; disabled G.I. casualties watch a movie in a hospital; suburbs being built; a kid with IV tubes sticking out of him; polio kids walking; blind man; newsboys shout on street corners. "Chapter 1950" This film encourages it's viewers not to give to private organizations soliciting on the streets of Detroit. Instead they are encouraged to give in the professional way, once, a certain percentage of one's paycheck to The United Foundation for charity organizations with the motto, "Give once for all. United We Won . . . . let's Do It Again!"
Running Time: 17 mins Black & White
Starring: Huey Long, Father Divine
Description Coming Soon
Black & White
The Life of Sergei Eisenstein, the great Russian filmmaker.
Running Time: mins Black & White
Behind the scenes look at why Alexander Korda's spendy epic "I, CLAUDIUS" (1937) was never completed.
Running Time: 13 mins Black & White
Running Time: 66 mins Black & White
Dir. Stuart Blackton's rare and priceless film record of the history of motion pictures, from Egyptian wall-paintings to early films of the 1900s. Written and
Produced by J. Stuart Blackton.
Running Time: 21 mins Color
A Greyhound bus transports us through the landscape of American mythology. Directed by Harold Schuster. Director of Photography: Jerry Fairbanks. Screenplay: Charles L. Tedford, Leo S. Rosencrans. Film Editor: Milton Kleinberg. Art Director: Theobold Holsopple. Production Supervisor: John McKennon. Musical Supervision: Edward Paul. Assistant Director: Robert Scrivner. With Marshall Thompson (Mysterious Stranger); Tommy Kirk (Jimmy Rollins); Morris Ankrum (Fred Schroder); Angie Dickinson (Mary); Charles Maxwell (Bill Roberts) and Tex Ritter as himself. Winner of the Freedoms Foundation Special Award.
Running Time: 13 mins Color
A Greyhound bus transports us through the landscape of American mythology. Directed by Harold Schuster. Director of Photography: Jerry Fairbanks. Screenplay: Charles L. Tedford, Leo S. Rosencrans. Film Editor: Milton Kleinberg. Art Director: Theobold Holsopple. Production Supervisor: John McKennon. Musical Supervision: Edward Paul. Assistant Director: Robert Scrivner. With Marshall Thompson (Mysterious Stranger); Tommy Kirk (Jimmy Rollins); Morris Ankrum (Fred Schroder); Angie Dickinson (Mary); Charles Maxwell (Bill Roberts) and Tex Ritter as himself. Winner of the Freedoms Foundation Special Award.
Running Time: 9 mins Black & White
Produced to convince Depression-weary Americans that new frontiers still lay ahead. Excellent compilation of stock shots of 1930s-era manufacturing, research laboratories and industry.
Running Time: 10 mins Black & White
Starring: William Peck, Gow
Explorer Edward Salisbury takes an expedition across the Pacific Ocean to such exotic locales as Fiji, Samoa, Papua New Guinea and the New Hebrides Islands, and record the lives of the various natives they encounter there.
Black & White
Running Time: 16 mins Color
Volcanic eruptions and lava flows in Hawaii. Great variety of, some very beautiful, erupting volcano footage in Hawaii; molten lava; trees burning in lava; firefalls; lava pooring into the ocean creating shoreline; aerial shots of erupting volcano; scientist in lava field; magma; smoke. Nice shots of volcanic rocks. 01:29:51:00 Nice credits; a woven book on a black backdrop with “Aloha” on the cover is opened by a hand revealing title page, white font on red paper. 01:35:04:08 Camera on tripod in front of volcanic eruption. Mike Carter, award winning volcanic photographer runs up to camera with blue jeans on his back and protective covering on his head, snaps picture then runs away from the eruption. 01:35:17:03 VS at Volcano House in Hawaii. 01:35:28:25 Romantic scene of an older couple at dinner table at Volcano House in Hawaii. The man points out for his wife a volcano in the distance. 01:41:04:07 Surreal shot of town with volcano erupting in the background. 01:41:18:17 Man in helmet photographing volcano eruptions. 01:41:32:21 Eerie shot of sun through the black smoke from volcano eruptions. 01:44:14:08 Two blond-haired young children, siblings, cross bridge and enter dark cave together. 01:45:20:28 VS houses burnt by hot lava from an eruption.
Running Time: 11 mins Black & White
This is a look at the Hoover Company sometime during the mid 1960s. Quite interesting.
Running Time: 80 mins Black & White
Starring: Jim Bannon, Martin E. Johnson, Osa Johnson
Osa Johnson and her husband, Martin, appear in footage from their trips to the South Seas and Africa.
Running Time: 60 mins Color
There has always been a fascination for the theory that Earth was visited by intelligent beings from space that left various results of their civilization behind. And the search goes on!
Running Time: 60 mins
This marvelous and illuminating history of America from the end of World War I to the Great Crash of 1929 offers a look at the historical, social, music and cultural events that took place in this exciting era. Narrated by Fred Allen.
Running Time: 1 min Black & White
The knife-thrower Louella Gallagher throws knives at her daughters Connie Ann, 5, and Colleena Sue, 2.5 yrs old, in Austin, Texas. As the newscaster comments: “…Evidently Colleena Sue has more trust in Mother’s aim than the audience has. It takes a steady eye and a stout heart to heave knives at the apple of your eye, but this female William Tell has no qualms and plenty of faith…”
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Movie Previews
Running Time: 13 mins Black & White
Auto travelogue through the sights, monuments and mythologies of America's heartland. A jaded newspaper reporter returns from a long stint in Europe, takes to the highways of the Midwest, and discovers a father-daughter team who help him to realize that his true home lies in mid-America. A fascinating view of Midwestern and Great Plains natural and historical attractions, and a strong statement that mobility equals freedom.
Running Time: 30 mins Black & White
Starring: Narrated by Walter Cronkite
Description Coming Soon
Running Time: 7 mins Black & White
Many scenes are reproduced of a beautiful canyon in one of our Western statesÑoften called "Nature's Cameo". Accompanies a group of tourists on a hike through the canyon led by a U.S. Ranger.
Black & White
World famous hubba-hubba girl Evelyn West wiggles and wows you in this burlesque feature from the world famous Follies Theatre in Los Angeles. She's joined by a host of comics, dancers and other woo-woo gals in this sinuous show.
Running Time: 52 mins Color
Starring: Edith Piaf, Louis Jourdan, Eddie Constantine, Charles Aznavour. Narrated by David de Keyser
Performances, Newsreels, Interviews, etc. featuring Edith Piaf.
Running Time: 60 mins Black & White
Starring: Bob Hope
America: A Look Back - Not So Long Ago offers a look at some socially and historically important events that occurred in the United Sates in the brief period of time between the end of the second world war and the beginning of the Korean conflict. Narrated by the legendary Bob Hope, stories touched on include Truman's presidential victory and the McCarthy hearings.
Color
Running Time: 90 mins Black & White
Narrated by Westbrook Van Voorhis. A March of Time Feature. Focuses on a typical small American town during the years before American involvement in WWI.
Running Time: 33 mins Black & White
Black & White
Studio production trailers trace rock 'n' roll through the '50s and '60s with scenes from Rock, Rock. Rock, Celebration at Big Sur, The TA.M.I. Show, Woodstock, and many many more.
Black & White
Running Time: 1 min Color
Roundhay Garden Scene is an 1888 short silent film directed by French inventor Louis Le Prince. It is the oldest surviving film in existence, noted by the Guinness Book of Records. It was recorded at 12 frames per second and runs for 2.11 seconds. According to Le Prince's son, Adolphe, the film was made at Oakwood Grange, the home of Joseph and Sarah Whitley, in Roundhay, Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, on October 14, 1888. It features Adolphe Le Prince, Sarah Whitley, Joseph Whitley and Harriet Hartley in the garden, walking around. Note that Sarah is walking backwards as she turns around, and that Joseph's coat tails are flying as he also is turning. Sarah Whitley was Le Prince's mother-in-law, being the mother of his wife, Elizabeth. Sarah Whitley died ten days after the scene was taken.
Running Time: 34 mins Black & White
SALVAGE OPERATIONS FROM TIME OF THE FIRE TO DRYDOCKING THE SHIP. WORK OF SALVAGE ENGINEERS AND DIVERS, DESIGN AND PLACEMENT OF PATCHES, SHORING DECKS AND BULKHEADS, PLACEMENT OF PUMPS, STOPPING LEAKS WITH CONCRETE, AND MOORING THE SHIP DURING PUMPING
Running Time: 21 mins Black & White
Description Coming Soon
Running Time: 12 mins Black & White
The worldly dances performed by the kids, teenagers, and young adults are as follows (per the intetitles): Mexico - La Cucaracha - "One of Mexico's most popular dances." El Coyote y Las Gallinas - The Coyote and the chickens - "Children in the circle represent the wall of the corral." Russia - Kozachek - "Russian national dance used to play a game known to us as 'In and Out the Window'." Run For Your Den - "A popular Russian game similar to our game of 'Nigger-baby'."
Running Time: 40 mins Black & White
Description Coming Soon
Running Time: 15 mins Color
Planes with floats allow them to take off and land on water, making them ideal modes of transport in rugged wilderness areas. This film looks at the challenges and safety issues pilots need to be aware of when flying these types of aircraft.
Running Time: 14 mins Black & White
Smokejumping was first proposed in 1934 by T.V. Pearson, the Forest Service Intermountain Regional Forester, as a means to quickly provide initial attack on forest fires. By parachuting in, self-sufficient firefighters could arrive fresh and ready for the strenuous work of fighting fires in rugged terrain. The smokejumper program began in 1939 as an experiment in the Pacific Northwest Region, and the first fire jump was made in 1940 on Idaho's Nez Perce National Forest in the Northern Region. In 1981, the first woman smokejumper in the nation successfully completed the training program at the McCall Smokejumper Base in Idaho. Today, Smokejumpers are a national resource. Jumpers travel all over the country, including Alaska, to provide highly-trained, experienced firefighters and leadership for quick initial attack on wildland fires in remote areas. Fire fighting tools, food and water are dropped by parachute to the firefighters after they land near the fire, making them self-sufficient for the first 48 hours. Smokejumpers work from about June 1 through October. Over 270 smokejumpers are working from Forest Service smokejumper bases located in McCall and Grangeville, Idaho, Redding, California, West Yellowstone and Missoula, Montana, Winthrop, Washington, and Redmond, Oregon. There are also two Bureau of Land Management smokejumper bases - one in Boise, Idaho and the other in Fairbanks, Alaska. Aircraft commonly used in smokejumper operations include turbine engine DC-3s and Twin Otters. For safety, there is always a spotter on board communicating essential information about, the wind, fire activity and terrain to the pilot and the jumpers. Smokejumper duties can be hazardous and extremely arduous. They must have extensive previous experience in wildland firefighting, and be skilled in using the tools of the trade. Smokejumpers must be in excellent physical condition and possess a high degree of emotional stability and mental alertness. There are also some height, weight and health requirements. During the spring training period for new smokejumpers, and refresher training for experienced smokejumpers, they practice the basics of their craft such as aircraft exiting procedures, parachute maneuvering and emergency procedures, parachute landing rolls, timber let-down procedures, parachute and cargo retrieval, and tree climbing. Some training sites even have "virtual reality" parachute jump simulators to provide on-the-ground practice, with an experienced smokejumper at the computer. After training is complete, and during periods of fire inactivity, smokejumpers are assigned to various natural resource projects away from the base. These may include brush piling, prescribed burning and other fuels management projects, construction and maintenance of facilities, or trail maintenance. Their expertise is also used for assignments such as Remote Automated Weather Station coordinators, Fire Safety Specialists, Fire Management Officer positions on National Forests, technical writers and work with other agencies, such as the APHIS project - an effort to control invasions of long-horned beetles in Chicago and New York. Assignments, activities and statistics are outlined in the annual National Smokejumper Report. Professional conduct on these projects is evaluated, along with performance on fire related activities. Smokejumpers are evolving to safely meet the challenges of the current fire environment. They are branching out to assist in managing America's natural resources. Smokejumper training and skills, excellent mobility, and a Safety First attitude will keep the program thriving in decades to come.
Running Time: 13 mins Black & White
Great shot of movie cameraman in woods shooting birds at close range. Describes insect pests. Birds are "nature's check against these hardened criminals." Children building bird houses under direction of Audubon societies. "Building and renting bird houses encourages children in the study of civics." "A delegation from the schools of Portland, Oregon, organizing a colonization scheme for their home woods." Children seen in front of Multnomah Falls.
Running Time: 40 mins Black & White
Documentary concerning the day to day life of the people of Ceylon.
Color
Black & White
Running Time: 12 mins Black & White
1955 animated industrial short -- sponsored by the Paraffined Carton Research Council and featuring the vocal talents of Paul Frees -- extolling the virtues and benefits of using wax-treated cartons for pre-packaged ice cream.
Running Time: 47 mins Color
The film is summarized in seven conclusions: 1 There is a conspiracy among some of the richest people in the non-communist nations and that its power is protected by their respective governments. That it is perpetuating its wealth by creating money out of nothing. 2 In the USA it is perpetuated through the Federal Reserve system. That although it appears that the executive branch controls them it is in fact the other way around. The capitalist conspiracy in the USA surfaces in the Council on Foreign Relations that influence on the public through television, education and press. 3 The capitalist conspiracy opposes communism only on the surface because it needs the illusion of a foe. And because the chaos byproduct of the managed conflict advances its own goal of totalitarian world government. A tactic called "pressure from above and below" laid down in Edward M. House's novel Philip Dru: Administrator deliberately create problems and frightful domestic and foreign conditions and provide solutions that result in publicly accepted government expansion at the expense of personal liberties and national sovereignty. 4 There is "much evidence indicating" that both the capitalist and communist conspiracy is directed by a single master conspiracy that may have continuity with The Illuminati, but that this historical question is not as important as what can be done about it. 5 The reaction to the conspiracies should be to dismantle the big government and localizing schools and police. 6 That the root of the evil is that money is created out of nothing. The solution is to reduce the power of the Federal Reserve and returning to the gold and silver standards and thus preventing anyone, in or out of government, to manipulate the money supply. 7 Exposing the conspiracy to public view, by circumventing the establishment's channels of mass communication, would cause it to collapse.
Black & White
Running Time: 21 mins Color
Short film made by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation to counter the negative images and stereotypes of coal miners. The film follows a fourth generation coal miner on the job and in his private life. It portrays coal mining in an honest light and proves that it is a job to be proud of. The short also spotlights the advancements in the field with new machinery that makes the job less strenuous on miners and faster than it use to be. Safety is another aspect to the job that has greatly improved as the film demonstrates.
Black & White
Running Time: 145 mins Color
Running Time: 11 mins Color
A foreign spy is arrested in a city park by FBI agents. The papers read, "two American citizens were key figures in the spy network. Further arrests are expected shortly." That's one strike against the daily enemy. The Daily Enemy, an early 1960's anti-spy film produced by the US Department of Defense, is a warning message to all contractors involved in sensitive defense projects. Saturated in technicolor accompanied with a lush soundtrack, dangerous scenarios play out with classic mid-twentieth century characters that could have been conjured to life out of a 1950's clip art book. How could a decent American sell his country down the river? However, spy craft is not always so spectacular, and even the everyday citizen can become a target. Engineers in Detroit, secretaries in Connecticut, and machinists in California are all vulnerable if they are working on high security clearance projects. Don't let vanity get in the way, where speaking like a bigshot leads you to discuss classified projects. Laziness and inconvenience may also lead to secret material leaking out. Don't be like Sandra, whose trip to the beach likely led to another win for the daily enemy.
Black & White
Running Time: 9 mins Color
The Modified Thrie Beam Guardrail - Federal Highway Administration - the thrie beam guardrail has been modified to improve performance in large-vehicle impacts by increasing the depth and energy-absorbing capacity of the block-out. Crash tests show that this design can safely contain and redirect a wider range of vehicles than other W-beam designs. Terminals and transitions are shown. Costs of installation and repair are discussed, and the design is recommended for sites with heavy traffic.
Black & White
Running Time: 18 mins Black & White
US Department of Defense security film, giving dramatised account of a defence contractor trapped into passing classified information to the Soviet Union.
Running Time: 87 mins Black & White
Starring: Guy Rolfe, Nadia Gray
The Spider and the Fly is set in Paris during the cloud-cuckoo days before WW I. The storyline intertwines the destinies of three people. Guy Rolfe plays Phillipe de Ledocq, a resourceful safecracker who always manages to elude arrest. Eric Portman is cast as police-chief Maubert, who will not rest until Ledocq is behind bars. And Nadia Gray is Madeleine, the woman beloved by both Ledocq and Maubert. Just as Maubert has managed to capture his man, Ledocq is released at the behest of the government, who wants him to steal secrets from the German embassy revealing the whereabouts of the Kaiser's secret agents. And just how does Madeleine figure into all of this? Spider and the Fly is a diverting precursor to the 1960s TV series It Takes a Thief.
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Black & White
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On the construction of the Siegfried Line. Reel 1, shows views of various Ger. cities and maps the site of the fortifications. Dr. Todt studies plans, officers survey the land, and draftsmen draw plans. An animated chart depicts the Todt engineering organization. The ground is cleared, steel is made in mills, and railroads move supplies to the site. Workers arrive, march to the site, live in barracks, eat and construct and
Running Time: 23 mins Color
This recounts, through reenactments, personal recollections, and documentary narration, the earth-changing event and aftermath of the May 18, 1980, volcanic eruption of Mount St. Helens in the Gifford Pinchot National Forest of southwest Washington. The film represents the work of dozens of professional and amateur cinematographers and still-photographers. The film leaves the viewer with a positive feeling that the devastated area will someday be beautiful again during the course of the earth-shattering and earth-healing process. Watch it on our US National Archives YouTube channel or in our main online catalog.
Running Time: 26 mins Black & White
Running Time: 5 mins Color
Starring: Stan Laurel, Oliver Hardy
Description Coming Soon
Running Time: 13 mins Color
Community assistance programs being operated in the Sacramento area
Running Time: 8 mins Black & White
In summarizing Glenn Miller's military career, General Jimmy Doolittle said, "next to a letter from home, that organization was the greatest morale builder in the European Theater of Operations. I have produced this edit with the sincere hope of visually "Showcasing" the sheer will and extraordinary efforts that "Women" have extended in defense of freedom. Please consider, if you would, that this is but a partial view of the "Total Allied Women's" contribution to preserving the "Worlds Freedoms"... Sometime please thank your Grandmother, Mom, Aunt, Sister or Friend... Even if it is in prayer...
Running Time: 11 mins Black & White
Jim leaves the gang after it attacks his father, and joins other teenagers at City Hall to argue against the imposition of a curfew. Drama filmed in Lawrence, Kansas.
Running Time: 18 mins Black & White
Starring: Ben Blue, Clyde Cook
Ill-tempered Billy proves troublesome for fellow taxi drivers Franklin and Clyde.
Running Time: 33 mins Black & White
Starring: Sarah Padden, Otis Harlan
A homeless woman living at the city dump hears of the death of a wealthy industrialist and puts in a claim on his estate for her daughter, who is actually the rightful heir.
Black & White
Running Time: 57 mins Black & White
Starring: George Jessel, Jean Arthur, Mary Astor
A compilation of early day silent films that serves as a glimpse back to the formative days of the movie industry as a salute to Hollywood's Golden Year, so proclaimed by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce as 1953. It is unlike most of the films featuring clips from old films as it shows scenes from French, Russian, Italian, British and American films made in the 1890s and early 1900s...and on through the 1920s. Written and narrated by George Jessel (George Jessel) and put together by editor and associate producer (Paul Weatherwax) from over 150,000 feet of old footage, some of it printed on paper.
Black & White
Running Time: 123 mins Color
Zeitgeist was created as a non-profit filmiac expression to inspire people to start looking at the world from a more critical perspective and to understand that very often things are not what the population at large think they are.